07 August 2012
GINGIVAL RECESSION | PERIODONTOLOGY
DEFINATION: gingival recession is a condition characterized by gums pulling away from the tooth and exposing the root surface of the tooth.
CAUSES OF GINGIVAL RECESSION:
- improper brushing
- inadequate flossing
- tobacco chewing
- grinding of the teeth (bruxim)
- orthodontic movement of teeth
- periodontal disease
- trauma from removable partial denture
- piercings in the lips or tongue
- viral disorder such as HIV
GINGIVAL RECESSION CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR CATEGORIES BASED ON THE EXPECTED SUCCSESS RATE FOR ROOT COVERAGE (MILLER 1985)
IMAGES
CLASS - 1: A recession not extending beyond the mucogingival line, normal interdental bone; complete root coverage is expected.
CLASS - 2: A recession extending beyond the mucogingival line, normal interdental bone; complete root coverage is expected.
CLASS - 3: A recession to or beyond the mucogingival line, there is a loss of interdental bone, with level coronal to gingival recession. Partial root coverage is expected.
CLASS - 4: A recession extends beyond mucogingival line. There is a loss of interdental bone apical level of tissue recession. No root coverage is expected.
Classification of gingival recession based on depth and width of the defect
- deep wide
- shallow wide
- deep narrow
- shallow narrow
SYMPTOMS:
The following signs & symptoms may indicate gum recession:-
• Sensitive teeth: - sensitive to hot, cold, sweet or sour, spicy foods.
• Teeth appear longer than normal
• The roots of teeth are exposed and visible
• Change in color of teeth
• Caries below cervical line of gums
• Space between teeth
• Teeth feels notch at the gum line
• Other symptom according to cause of gum recession
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